According to Dr. Carol Dweck, what characterizes a fixed mindset?

A fixed mindset, as characterized by Dr. Carol Dweck, refers to the belief that intelligence and abilities are largely innate traits that cannot be significantly developed or changed over time. Individuals who hold a fixed mindset often see their talents and intelligence as static. This perspective can lead them to avoid challenges, give up easily, and view effort as fruitless since they believe their basic qualities are unalterable. In contrast, the other characterizations mentioned—such as viewing intelligence as something that can be cultivated, seeing failure as a learning opportunity, or believing that effort can result in success—reflect a growth mindset, which encourages resilience and a willingness to learn and adapt.